Given a set of states we define -instructions:
For a natural number and (usually )

InstructionInterpretation
Add letter to the content of register and go to state
Check whether the last letter in register is
- If so go to state
- Otherwise, go to state
Check whether register is empty
- If so go to state
- Otherwise, go to state
Check whether register is empty
- If so go to state
- Otherwise, remove the final letter of its content and go to state

Definition

A pair is called a register machine if is a non-empty finite set of states with two special elements (start and halt states), and is a function with domain and codomain the -instructions (so each is a -instruction).
The function is called the program of the register machine.
For a fixed , we refer to as the program line.

As is finite, we can find the largest which appears in instructions and we call this number the upper register index. (Note that this machine uses at most registers because we start from )
Computation Sequence
Strong Equivalence of Register Machines
Partial Function
Question

Standard operations

Subroutine Lemma
Case Distinction Lemma
Repeat Lemma

Computability

Computable
Computably Enumerable

Operations on natural numbers

Encoding Numbers in Binary Words
Truncation of Register Machine
Gödel’s primitive recursive functions
Partial Recursive Functions
Splitting and Merging Words

Coding Langauges

Encoding Alphabets in Binary Words
Encoding Register Machines
The Software Principle
The s-m-n Theorem
Kleene’s Recursion Theorem

Misc

Computability Hierarchy
Reduction Function
Turing Joint
Complete Language
Index Set