Let and be Structures for a Language such that Let be a formula in Free Variables. We say that is upwards absolute between and if

where we use to mean is Satisfied in

Lemma

Suppose formula is upwards absolute between and , and let be among the Free Variables of . Then is upwards absolute.

Proof

The formula has Free Variables. Suppose that for some :

i.e. there are some such that

By assumption, is upwards absolute so:

so indeed